What are the common foodborne illnesses and their symptoms? Foodborne illnesses are caused by consuming contaminated foods or beverages. Here are some of the most common foodborne illnesses and their symptoms:
1. Norovirus
- Symptoms: Diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain
- Onset Time: 12-48 hours after exposure
- Duration: 1-3 days
- Sources: Contaminated water, raw or undercooked shellfish, and foods handled by infected individuals
2. Salmonella
- Symptoms: Diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting
- Onset Time: 6-48 hours after exposure
- Duration: 4-7 days
- Sources: Raw or undercooked poultry, eggs, meat, and contaminated fruits and vegetables
3. E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Symptoms: Severe (often bloody) diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, sometimes fever
- Onset Time: 1-10 days after exposure
- Duration: 5-10 days
- Sources: Undercooked beef (especially hamburger), unpasteurized milk and juice, raw fruits and vegetables, contaminated water
4. Campylobacter
- Symptoms: Diarrhea (often bloody), fever, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting
- Onset Time: 2-5 days after exposure
- Duration: 2-10 days
- Sources: Raw or undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water
5. Clostridium perfringens
- Symptoms: Intense abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea
- Onset Time: 8-16 hours after exposure
- Duration: Usually 24 hours
- Sources: Meats, poultry, gravy, dried or precooked foods, time and/or temperature-abused foods
6. Listeria
- Symptoms: Fever, muscle aches, nausea, diarrhea; severe cases can lead to meningitis or septicemia
- Onset Time: 1-4 weeks after exposure
- Duration: Variable
- Sources: Unpasteurized dairy products, deli meats, hot dogs, smoked seafood, raw sprouts
7. Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
- Symptoms: Vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, double vision, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness; can result in respiratory failure and death
- Onset Time: 12-72 hours after exposure
- Duration: Variable
- Sources: Improperly canned foods, especially home-canned vegetables, fermented fish, baked potatoes in aluminum foil
8. Staphylococcus aureus
- Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea
- Onset Time: 1-6 hours after exposure
- Duration: 24-48 hours
- Sources: Improperly stored or handled foods, such as salads, bakery products, and dairy products
9. Hepatitis A
- Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, jaundice
- Onset Time: 15-50 days after exposure
- Duration: Several weeks to months
- Sources: Contaminated water, raw shellfish, and foods handled by infected individuals
10. Shigella
- Symptoms: Diarrhea (often bloody), fever, stomach cramps
- Onset Time: 1-2 days after exposure
- Duration: 5-7 days
- Sources: Contaminated water, raw vegetables, and foods handled by infected individuals
Understanding these common foodborne illnesses and their symptoms can help you take proactive measures to prevent contamination and ensure the safety of your customers.
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More detailed information about food safety can be found at FoodSafety.Gov and at the FDA US Food and Drug Administration website and ACE Training Platforms and ACE Continuing Education Credits. What are the common foodborne illnesses and their symptoms?
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